I always thought that my paintings became pale and lifeless when I painted in Krita. I use the color dodge mode with pixel brushes a lot when adding light to my paintings.
Here are two examples:
Photoshop CC:


And Krita 2.8.1:


I Know that in The Gimp I get the same results.

Most kindly,

Andreas

Very true I get the same results.

In gimp, the same results as in Krita or as in Photoshop?

In any case, please do make a bug report in bugs.kde.org. This looks like it needs fixing

Krita and Gimp give the same result. A bit foggy there, sorry.

Ah... Then it's likely that photoshop stopped using the mathematically correct algorithm in favour of something more artistically correct. Still -- it needs to be investigated.

But how are you setting it?
If I set "Color Dodge" in brush and paint on an empty layer I get the same foggy results, as the brush has no data to work on (until you set the firt stroke)
If I set "Color Dodge" to the layer instead I get some effect, but as the paint is the same color the effect does not add up as in photoshop.
If I set the "color Dodge" on the brush and I paint in the layer with pixel data (IE, flattened image) I get pretty much the same results as photoshop.

Im not sure what does Photoshop to get that result but It might have to do something with the layer blending options. probably the brush, even on a new layer is taking into account the pixels from below to compute the data, which in krita does not happen.

To get the Color Dodge closely as in the photoshop example while painting on a new empty layer you need to get creative.
Set the new empty layer as "Color Dodge"
Set the brush to Opacity 50% painting as "Linear Dodge" ( OR Screen, Color Dodge, Vivid Light, etc, any mode that add up pixel data)
Paint with a color a few times to start getting the effect.

The example above is one layer with color dodge set on the brushes in both Krita and PS. If I want something like the PS Color Dodge I create a filter brush with color dodge and set it to highlights but then I can't control the color.

Endoraniendo,
I have checked this and the results of color dodge layers in Krita and Ps are very close, if not identical.
One thing you might want to check is if the layer in question is still in color dodge mode when you open the file in Krita. In my case, psd files with layers in "color dodge" mode change into "divide" mode when I open them in Krita. By the way, the results of divide mode are quite similar with your examples.
Changing the blending mode to "color dodge" solves the problem for me.

"psd files with layers in "color dodge" mode change into "divide" mode when I open them in Krita"

Is that still the case? That would be a bug in the psd loader

More blending modes are affected. Again, they function in the same way as in photoshop, but imported psd files change some blending modes into "normal" or other modes. (Color dodge > divide, Linear dodge>color dodge, etc)
https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=333454

The example I provided is as simple as possible.
I do like this:
1. Open up a new document
2. Import a layer. A texture I often use in jpg-format
3. Merge the layers to one layer in normal mode
4. Use the Basic Airbrush and sets the brush mode to Color Dodge
5. Paint using different opacity and colors.

I don't import PSD:s into Krita.

The blue and red colors seems to have more effect than yellow but still not the punch through in the textures that you get in PS though.