Okay, so I have a problem with the kate default scheme syntax highlighting. Basically, what kate does is it makes

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#! ... !#

block comments. Which is not part of any standard, R6RS defines

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#| ... |#

as block comments but apparently something guile supports. Which wouldn't be a drastic problem if a shebang didn't turn the entire document into a block comment or that

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#!r6rs

is the way to start a document indicating its advertised conformance to R6RS as well as telling the implementation to use R6RS mode. (long explanation meant to motivate people to change this default behaviour, I don't think it's a good idea)

So

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$ kde4-config --prefix

gives me

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/usr

and lo and behold, the syntax files are at

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/usr/share/kde4/apps/katepart/syntax

. And lo and behold, scheme.xml contains:

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    <comments>
      <comment name="singleLine" start=";;" />
      <comment name="multiLine" start="#!" end="!#" />
    </comments>


or at least it did, I changed it appropriately. Saved it, restarted Kate, nothing happens? Is there some command I need to give kate to reload its syntax definitions that I'm unaware of?

Right, found the answer, in case anyone latyer googles and finds this, in the scheme.xml file there is this part:

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          <Detect2Chars attribute="Comment" context="MultiLineComment" char="#" char1="!" beginRegion="region"/>


and this part

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      <context name="MultiLineComment" attribute="Comment" lineEndContext="#stay">
        <RegExpr attribute="Comment" context="#pop" String="!#\s*$" endRegion="region" column="0"/>
      </context>


Because it's rexed light that makes it hard to search it, removing them solves it.

Because it's regexed with !#

You probably want to file a bug at bugs.kde.org regarding this, to ensure the developers are aware of the issue.
Thanks for posting the solution here.