When I mount a file system such as a USB drive, is there a way I can view the file system type with Dolphin when I view the contents of the file system. I believe KDE 3 / Konqueror did this. If KDE 4 / Dolphin doesn't do this, I think this would be a good feature to add.

Open KRunner (Alt+F2) and type
sysinfo:/
Open the entry which appears (something like "Open sysinfo:/"). There you will see a list of the removeable medias with the filesystems.
You can report this wish on http://bugs.kde.org, if there's isn't something like that already.

typing sysinfo into Krunner doesn't seems to come up with anything other than system settings and system monitor.

Opening KDE Info Center and selecting Partitions shows the info I need. Maybe there is a shortcut to open the Partitions window directly?

sysinfo:/ is for openSUSE, I know no other distro using it.