I recently switched my desktop from Gnome to KDE. In gnome-terminal, I was able to do this:

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$ sudo gvim

Since switching to KDE, however, the above command yields the following and then starts console VIM.

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$ sudo gvim
Password:                                                                                                           
No protocol specified                                                                                               
E233: cannot open displayE852: The child process failed to start the GUINo protocol specified                       
                                                                                                                     
Press ENTER or type command to continue

Is there some configuration setting somewhere I need to change to get this to work?

You could try to uncomment the line

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Defaults env_keep += "HOME"

in your sudoers file (using visudo).

Alternatively you can try to used kdesu/kdesudo instead of sudo.

Adding HOME to env_keep did the trick. I should have the same problem on my Gnome boxes, though, right? The contents of my various sudoers files are all the same, so I'm not sure where the difference is.

Yeah, I don't know if Gnome does anything special. If you still have Gnome installed you could try to comment out the line in sudoers again and see if it still works in Gnome.

I still have Gnome installed on my laptop. I've gone back and forth a few times now with that setting and haven't seen the same behavior. Oh well. It'll just have to be one of those things I research when there aren't more pressing concerns. Thanks for your help.