Hi!
Could it be possible to write Konqueror-Plugins in Ruby or Python?
I've found the PluginFactories for these language and Plasma-enhancements implemented in a similar way. Well, I'm not experienced in writing Plugins so my test doesn't work.

install.sh:

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sudo cp ruby_konqueror_plugin.desktop `kde4-config --install services`
sudo mkdir -p `kde4-config --install data`/ruby_konqueror_plugin/
sudo install ruby_konqueror_plugin.rb `kde4-config --install data`/ruby_konqueror_plugin/
sudo install ruby_konqueror_plugin.rc `kde4-config --install data`/ruby_konqueror_plugin/

ruby_konqueror_plugin.desktop:

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[Desktop Entry]
Name=Ruby Konqueror Plugin
Icon=internet-web-browser
X-KDE-Library=krubypluginfactory
X_KDE-PluginKeyword=rubykonquerorplugin/rubykonquerorplugin.rb
X-KDE-PluginInfo-Version=0.1
X-KDE-PluginInfo-Category=Web
X-KDE-PluginInfo-Depends=QtRuby
X-KDE-PluginInfo-License=GPL
X-KDE-PluginInfo-EnabledByDefault=true
X-KDE-ParentApp=konqueror
Comment=You can write Konqueror-Plugins in Ruby

ruby_konqueror_plugin.rb:

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#!/usr/bin/ruby
require 'Qt'
require 'korundum4'

module RubyKonquerorPlugin

class RubyKonquerorPlugin < KDE::Parts::Plugin
   slots 'helloWorld()'
   def initialize(parent, args)
      super(parent)
      @action = Qt::Action.new("Hello World", self)
      actionCollection().addAction("rubyHelloWorld", @action)
      createGUI(Dir.getwd + "/ruby_konqueror_plugin.rc")
      connect(@action, SIGNAL('triggered()'), self, SLOT('helloWorld()'))
   end
   def helloWorld()
      Qt::MessageBox::information(nil, "Greetings from Ruby", "Hello World!");
   end
end

end

ruby_konqueror_plugin.rc:

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<!DOCTYPE kpartgui>
<gui name="ruby_konqueror_plugin" version="0.1">
<MenuBar>
 <Menu name="tools"><text>&amp;Tools</text>
  <Action name="rubyHelloWorld"/>
 </Menu>
</MenuBar>
</gui>

Do you see any obvious mistake?
Or is it impossible?

The User

The following line is missing the underscores I believe:

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X_KDE-PluginKeyword=rubykonquerorplugin/rubykonquerorplugin.rb

It still doesn't get loaded.
No errors in .xsession-errors.

Did you run "kbuildsycoca4" after copying the files?
You may also wish to check the desktop file code for one of the C++ plugins. In all likelihood you are missing something essential.

Of course I use kbuildsycoca4.

When I look at Plasmoids, there are such lines of code:

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X-Plasma-API=ruby-script
X-Plasma-MainScript=code/main.rb

Is this necessary?

I believe you may need to look into MergeActions, which are part of XMLGUI, since you do not appear to be specifying a merge location in your XMLGUI file.

The XMLGUI is loaded from the script and the script isn't loaded. So errors in the XMLGUI can't be the reason.

But it should theoretically be possible?

Theoretically it should be possible. However it may be that Konqueror is not searching for, and is therefore not loading Ruby plugins. I believe the same will apply for System Settings views ( I can't recall doing anything special for Ruby plugins )

When I place the .desktop-file at /usr/share/apps/konqueror/kaprtplugins, the extension is displayed. But the KRubyPluginFactory is not loaded. What could be the reason?

Unfortunately I do not know much further about loading plugins.
Usually them not loading indicates an issue with the file reference.

After ensuring that files are in the correct locations, executable, and have no typos, you may wish to ask on the kde-bindings@kde.org mailing list.

I was able to fix it, it was a bug in KParts::Plugin.
Now Ruby- and Python-plugins work.